St. Maria Goretti Parish

The programmes for Pope Leo XIV’s visit to Naples and Pompeii on May 8, 2026, the first anniversary of his election, have been released. He is scheduled to preside over Mass in Piazza Bartolo Longo in Pompei, participate in the traditional noon supplication to the Virgin of Pompeii, and venerate the relics of San Gennaro in Naples.

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At the Basilica of Saint Bartholomew on the Tiber Island, Cardinal Kurt Koch recalls the Armenian martyrs and today’s persecuted Christians. Their shared witness, he says, strengthens hope for unity through an “ecumenism of blood.”

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On the return flight to Rome, Pope Leo XIV speaks to journalists about his mission to proclaim the Gospel to all peoples, recalls child victims of the wars in Iran and Lebanon, condemns the death penalty, and insists on respect for international law.

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As Pope Leo XIV wraps up his Apostolic Journey to Algeria, Cameroon, Angola, and Equatorial Guinea, Cardinal George Koovakad, Prefect of the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue reflects on the Pope’s proposal for religions to build justice, social stability, and peaceful coexistence among peoples.

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Pope Leo XIV leaves Equatorial Guinea, bringing his third Apostolic Journey abroad to an end.

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LUANDA, Angola (CNS) -- When more than 100 villagers’ homes were torn down because they sat atop mineral-rich land, it was the Catholic Church that went to court.

The case, brought by a commission of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Angola and São Tomé and Príncipe, resulted in new homes for displaced families in the southern province of Huíla, according to church officials.

Across Angola, church leaders say such interventions -- legal, advocacy and negotiations -- with mining companies are becoming more common.

As the Catholic Church’s global leadership increasingly looks to Africa as a wellspring of vitality and growth, communities across the continent are pressing it to take a clearer stand on one of their most urgent concerns: the human and environmental cost of mining. 

In resource-rich regions like Angola, Catholic leaders are navigating a fraught reality, caught between governments and multinational mining companies on one side, and communities facing displacement, pollution and deepening poverty on the other. 

In Angola, that responsibility has often fallen to the Church.

The bishops' Commission for Justice, Peace and Integrity of Creation works to ensure that affected communities’ voices are heard through advocacy, dialogue and, at times, legal action.

Jesuit Father Celestino Epalanga, undersecretary of the commission, has spent years working with communities impacted by mining projects.

Five years ago, the commission heard about the community impact of the government allowing mining companies to extract resources from the land peoples' homes were built on. The government's deal with the mining companies meant about 130 families in the area were displaced -- forced from their homes and their land, Father Epalanga told Catholic News Service April 20 in Luanda. The bishops’ conference hired an attorney to represent the communities in court, and a judge ruled the company had to build new homes for the affected families. 

Father Epalanga said he has seen other communities poisoned, displaced and left without basic services.

"It’s been over 100 years that we are exporting diamonds, but there is nothing in the area, absolutely nothing -- no hospitals, no schools," he told CNS.

Mining across the Global South has expanded rapidly in recent years, driven in part by global demand for critical minerals used in batteries and clean energy technologies. According to the International Energy Agency, demand for lithium alone rose by nearly 30% in 2024.

Angola is one of Africa’s top diamond producers, with government figures showing output reached 15.2 million carats last year. The country is also an emerging hub for minerals such as copper, cobalt and lithium, and much of the country remains underexplored, as investment continues to grow. The country produces roughly 1.2 million barrels per day in oil, accounting for 95% of Angola's exports, according to the Chr. Michelsen Institute, a Norwegian research center.

The country has also become a key geopolitical player.

Angola’s Lobito Corridor serves as a major export route for minerals from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia, which together supply the majority of the world’s cobalt and a significant share of its copper, both essential for modern technologies. This area provides access to an estimated 73% of the world’s cobalt, which is used in electric vehicles, smartphones and laptops, and 14% of the global production of copper, which is a primary material for electrical wiring.

That has drawn competing interest from global powers. The Chinese government and state banks have invested heavily in Angolan infrastructure, contributing an estimated $17 billion to $20 billion, while the United States government has backed development of the railway as part of its own strategic push in the region.

Yet for many Angolans, the benefits remain unclear. Local economists Alves da Rocha and Wilson Chimoco have warned that expectations that the resource wealth tied to the corridor will reach the people impacted by the mines remain "very low," in a published report in 2025.

Throughout Pope Leo XIV’s multi-country tour of Africa, he has strongly urged countries to rethink their approach to exploitative mining industries that oftentimes does not benefit the poorest. Andin Angola, where more than 60% of the government’s revenue is dependent on oil and diamonds, this issue is especially relevant.

In his first stop in the county, Pope Leo echoed those concerns to Angolan President João Lourenço and the diplomatic corps April 18. 

"You know well that all too often people have looked -- and continue to look -- to your lands in order to give, or, more commonly, in order to take," Pope Leo said to the diplomatic corps. "It is necessary to break this cycle of interests, which reduces reality, and even life itself, to mere commodities."

The pope was direct in his speech on the consequences: "How much suffering, how many deaths, how many social and environmental disasters are brought about by this logic of extractivism!"

He called for more economic justice in the country, where the inequality of wealth is high. An estimated 52 percent of those under the age of 25 are unemployed, according to some local media. 

"All Angolans, without exception, have the right to build up this country and to benefit from it equitably," the pope told the diplomatic corps April 18 in Luanda. "Your people have suffered time and again when this harmony was violated by the arrogance of a few."

For many communities, the Church has become one of the only institutions integrated into remote villages across the mining-affected areas. 

Cornélio Bento, a journalist and project coordinator with the bishops’ conference's commission, said the Church often acts as an intermediary between companies and communities.

In one village in Lunda Sul province, a river was polluted by mining waste, water that locals depended on for drinking, cooking and washing, Bento said.

In Mussolobela, another village, residents reported that nearby mining operations caused their homes to shake as heavy machinery moved closer. The bishops' commission helped organize residents and is now in dialogue with company representatives.

"This land is our way of life," Bento told CNS in an interview April 20.

The local church has also begun developing formal processes for communities to file grievances collectively, strengthening their ability to negotiate with companies. Bento learned about it when meeting with other Catholic activists in Africa working to support communities affected by mining. 

Yet these efforts seem hampered by a lack of data. 

Consolação Miguel, a lawyer with the bishops' commission, said obtaining reliable environmental and health data remains difficult. She told CNS that one of their top priorities is getting accurate risk assessments and environmental impact reports of mining activities that could show that recent health concerns in areas near mining projects are related to the extraction.

"If the fact they are dying is because of this contaminant, we don’t have a solid explanation," she told CNS in an April 20 interview in Kilamba. "We don’t have sources to prove that -- but we all know."

When asked if the church’s efforts had support from the government, Father Gabriel Cambala told CNS in Kilamba April 20: "We cannot categorically say, 'yes.' There is still resistance when it comes to dialogue between the Church and the local government -- significant resistance."

In 2025, Human Rights Watch reported that Angolan police were implicated in the killings, sexual violence, excessive use of force and torture of some activists and protesters. Some media have reported on the use of bullets to disperse crowds of protesters in the province of North Lunda.

For Father Epalanga, he said he will never forget going to Cafunfo in northeast Angola following a community protest of a mine that became violent. 

He said they were chanting early in the morning against the diamond mining nearby. But then later, "They had people carry the corpses to a river nearby," the Jesuit priest told CNS. 

In January 2021, the Angolan authorities classified this incident that resulted in the death of more than 30 people as a "rebellion and attempted robbery" in a police report in Cafunfo, some media reported. Even for some of those working with the local church, the issue is complex.

Father Cambala told CNS he speaks daily about the impacts of mining activities on the region where he works in north Angola. Once, there was hope that these companies would come and help develop the region with much-needed infrastructure, like hospitals and schools.

"What happens, however, is that the population benefits almost not at all -- nothing at all, in fact," he said while waiting for the pope to arrive in Saurimo in northeast Angola. "Many lives are destroyed, people are killed, and afterward, there is no justice for those families. No, no -- no one looks for the culprit, and the guilty are not punished."

The pope encouraged the Angolan authorities to invest in social services, especially those that support the most vulnerable, like the elder-care home he visited in Saurimo April 20. 

"The care of the weakest is a very important sign of the quality of the social life of a nation," he told nursing home staff and authorities gathered there. 

Many local clergy have taken it upon themselves to ensure that these villages have the resources they need to have a voice. 

Some priests in affected regions have increasingly used their homilies to educate communities about their rights, while the bishops’ commission organizes workshops on environmental protection and legal recourse.

Pope Leo encouraged clergy, religious and catechists in his speech to them in Luanda April 20 to continue to share the church's social teaching, telling them it was "essential that, while interpreting current events with wisdom, you never cease to denounce injustices, offering solutions in accordance with Christian charity."

He reminded them that sometimes such witness may come at a cost: "When difficulties arise, remember the heroic witness of faith given by Angolans --men and women, missionaries born here or coming from abroad -- who had the courage to give their lives for this people and for the Gospel, preferring death to betraying the justice, truth, mercy, charity and peace of Christ."

Miguel, the attorney with the commission, said the goal is not confrontation, but accountability.

"We don’t have to fight with guns," she said. "We just fight with words, kind words, love words, Fathers’ words."

Church advocates say the pope’s visit has strengthened their efforts.

"This is the Gospel," Father Epalanga said. "He reminded us to take up this mission with seriousness."

During a Mass in Kilamba attended by an estimated crowd of 100,000, Pope Leo emphasized the Church’s responsibility to respond to suffering.

"The social and economic problems and the various forms of poverty call for the presence of a Church that knows how to walk alongside you and how to heed the cry of its children," he said.

For Bento, that message has been energizing for him as a journalist. His team is now developing a guidebook to bring to mining-affected communities, helping them understand their rights and organize collectively, and seeing Pope Leo’s recent speeches as encouragement for their work.

"The pope has brought to us a very powerful tool," he said. "We have to bring this as a pastoral teaching."

Father Cambala said the visit came at a critical moment.

"His speech touched the hearts of our leaders," he said. "We hope it will bear fruit, and that they will truly put into practice what they heard."

WASHINGTON – “Vocations are a sign of God’s free gift of merciful love to a world in need of salvation,” said Archbishop Ronald A. Hicks, chairman of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops’ (USCCB) Committee on Clergy, Consecrated Life and Vocations, in anticipation of the World Day of Prayer for Vocations on April 26. “We join in prayer for all disciples of Christ, especially young people, to experience the loving God, the Good Shepherd, who has a unique call for each person’s life,” he continued. 

In conjunction with the World Day of Prayer for Vocations, the USCCB’s Committee on Clergy, Consecrated Life and Vocations released the Ordination Class of 2026 Study conducted by the Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate (CARA) at Georgetown University. According to this survey, four in five ordinands reported regular participation in Eucharistic adoration before entering the seminary. The full CARA report and profiles of the Ordination Class of 2026 may be found here.   

In his message for the World Day of Prayer for Vocations, Pope Leo XIV extends an invitation to all, not just clergy and those in religious life, to commit to creating conditions that allow the gift of vocations to be embraced, nourished, protected and accompanied, so that it may bear abundant fruit. “Only when our surroundings are illumined by living faith, sustained by constant prayer and enriched by fraternal accompaniment can God’s call blossom and mature, becoming a path of happiness and salvation for individuals and for the world,” he says. 

This year’s CARA report was sent out to the 428 men scheduled to be ordained this year. 334 completed the survey for an overall response rate of 78%. These ordinands represent 110 U.S. dioceses and eparchies and 34 distinct religious institutes.

A few of the major findings of the report are:

• In regard to prayer practices before entering the seminary, ordinands participated in Eucharistic Adoration (81%) on a regular basis, praying the Rosary (79%), participated in a prayer/Bible group (52%), and prayed Lectio Divina (48%).
• Most of the ordinands received formation at a seminary in the Midwest (35%), in the Northeast (28%), South (19%), West (14%), and abroad (5%).
• Nine in ten responding ordinands (92%) reported being encouraged to consider the priesthood by someone in their life, most frequently by a parish priest (70%), friend (49%), or parishioner (44%).
• Hispanics/Latinos constituted 17% of the responding ordinands. They represented 14% of ordinands in religious institutes and 18% of ordinands to the diocesan priesthood.
• Most respondents (93%) were baptized Catholic as an infant and raised primarily by their biological parents (97%) and a married couple living together (88%).

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VATICAN CITY (CNS) -- One year ago today, Pope Francis died at 7:35 a.m., April 21, 2025.

It came the day after Easter, when -- barely able to raise his hands -- he gave his blessing "urbi et orbi" (to the city and the world). Looking drawn and worn, the 88-year-old pope from Argentina took his final ride in the popemobile, spending about 15 minutes among the crowd.

But then, the next morning, which was a major holiday in Italy, church bells in Rome tolled the death knell after U.S. Cardinal Kevin J. Farrell, chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church, announced that Pope Francis had died just a few hours ago. 

"His whole life was dedicated to the service of the Lord and his church," Cardinal Farrell said in a video announcement broadcast from the chapel of the Domus Sanctae Marthae, where Pope Francis lived.

The Wikimedia Foundation said that its "Deaths in 2025" entry, which included Pope Francis, was their second most-read entry during the year. And plenty of people took the occasion to learn more about his life too, adding that "His English Wikipedia article was the 11th most-read (page) of the year."

Following in the footsteps of his predecessors, Pope Francis was an untiring voice for peace, urging an end to armed conflict, supporting dialogue and encouraging reconciliation.

He gave new energy to millions of Catholics -- and caused concern for some -- as he transformed the image of the papacy into a pastoral ministry based on personal encounters and strong convictions about poverty, mission and dialogue.

His simple lifestyle, which included his decision not to live in the Apostolic Palace and his choice of riding around Rome in a small Fiat or Ford instead of a Mercedes sedan, sent a message of austerity to Vatican officials and clergy throughout the church. 

Although he repeatedly said he did not like to travel, he made 47 foreign trips, taking his message of the Gospel joy to North and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia.

He was elected after Pope Benedict XVI retired in 2013. Then-Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was already a known and respected figure within the College of Cardinals, so much so that no one disputed a respected Italian journal's report that he had received the second-highest number of votes on all four ballots cast in the 2005 conclave that had elected Pope Benedict.

Elected on March 13, 2013, Cardinal Bergoglio chose the name Francis to honor St. Francis of Assisi.

"Go out" was Pope Francis' constant plea to every Catholic, from curial cardinals to the people in the pews. More than once, he told people that while the Bible presents Jesus as knocking at the door of people's hearts to get in, today Jesus is knocking at the doors of parish churches trying to get out and among the people.
 

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ABOARD THE PAPAL FLIGHT FROM CAMEROON TO ANGOLA (CNS) -- Pope Leo XIV pushed back against interpretations that his recent calls for peace on the ground during his Africa trip were directed specifically at U.S. President Donald Trump, saying his remarks were part of a broader message.

While the pope had responded to comments from the Trump administration earlier in the trip during a flight from Rome, he said April 18 the speeches delivered in Algeria and Cameroon were prepared in advance and intended for local communities and leaders more broadly.

"At the same time, there has been a certain narrative that has not been accurate in all of its aspects," he told journalists aboard the flight, "because of the political situation created when, on the first day of the trip, the president of the United States made some comments about myself," referring to coverage that linked his on-the-ground remarks to Trump. 

He added that "much of what has been written since then has been more commentary on commentary, trying to interpret what has been said."

For example, the pope said, his remarks during a meeting for peace with residents in Bamenda, Cameroon, April 16, had been written two weeks prior, "well before the president ever commented on myself and on the message of peace that I am promoting."

"And yet, as it happened, it was looked at as if I was trying to debate against the president, which is not in my interest at all," he said. 

In that address to the community, the pope spoke broadly about violence, exploitation and the misuse of religion, warning: "Blessed are the peacemakers! But woe to those who manipulate religion and the very name of God for their own military, economic and political gain."

"The masters of war pretend not to know that it takes only a moment to destroy, yet often a lifetime is not enough to rebuild," he had said in the speech, adding that "The world is being ravaged by a handful of tyrants, yet it is held together by a multitude of supportive brothers and sisters."

Throughout his 11-day trip, Pope Leo repeatedly framed peace as a global moral responsibility, emphasizing the importance of everyone working together toward justice and the need for everyone to reject violence. Some media outlets had reported that these themes were a direct response to U.S. political leaders.

The week of criticism began April 13 when Trump called the pope "weak on crime" and questioned his stance on global conflicts, while also defending his own policies, especially those on Iran and nuclear weapons, as being aligned with the Bible. 

Vice President JD Vance suggested the pope should avoid weighing in on political matters, and he defended Trump’s actions. House Speaker Mike Johnson said he was "taken a little bit aback" by the pope’s comments. 

Reflecting on his visit to Africa in his address to the media on the plane, Pope Leo said he was "pleased" with the Algeria leg of the trip and its focus on the legacy of St. Augustine.

"In one sense, it expresses what this trip is about," he said. "I come to Africa as a pastor, as the head of the Catholic Church, to be with, to celebrate with, to encourage and accompany."

He added that he would continue to proclaim the Gospel and promote "the different, fantastic, beautiful aspects" of Christianity, calling for justice, fraternity and peace.

Taking a question from a Cameroonian journalist, the pope said he was struck by the enthusiasm of the people he encountered.

"How wonderful it is to experience what it means to be a follower of Jesus Christ and to celebrate our faith together," he said. "That enthusiasm was very much present in Cameroon. I am very happy to have had the experience and to accompany all of your people during these days."

BAMENDA, Cameroon (CNS) -- "The voices in the bushes." That is the fear that defines daily life for many residents of this city in Cameroon’s troubled Anglophone region.

"You don’t know where they are," Cajetan Nfor told Catholic News Service April 16. "You don’t know how many of them there are." A resident of Bamenda since 1964, Nfor has witnessed firsthand the rapid decline of the city he calls home.

What began in 2016 as a political protest movement led by English-speaking teachers and lawyers over claims of professional and political marginalization by Cameroon’s French-speaking majority government quickly escalated into violence. Armed separatist groups emerged in the Anglophone regions, initially with some support from residents.

But as time went on, the movement shifted, and the separatist groups began terrorizing their own.

Armed groups began abducting civilians, looting businesses and enforcing their control through fear. Today, residents in northwest Cameroon say they live caught between separatist fighters and government forces, both capable of violence. Human Rights Watch estimated in 2024 that more than 6,000 civilians have died at the hands of both sides after a decade of conflict.

Thousands have been kidnapped, many killed, while others have been sexually assaulted, beaten and held for ransom.

Among them was Sister Carine Tangiri Mangu, a Sister of St. Anne, who told Pope Leo XIV during a community meeting April 16 that she and a priest were taken "into the bush" in November 2025 and held for three days.

They were denied food, water and sleep.

"We went on hunger strike and explained to our captors that we were just doing our work for the poor people and had nothing to do with the politics," she said at the meeting, which included local representatives from different faiths and traditions. "They demanded us to give telephone numbers so that they could collect ransom."

They prayed the rosary continuously, she said and were eventually freed after local Christians negotiated their release.

Other residents at the meeting with the pope shared similar accounts with Catholic News Service, describing abductions for ransom and beatings carried out while family members listened over the phone.

Anglophone separatist groups in Cameroon, which began fighting for independence of the country's English-speaking regions, have increasingly turned to criminal activities to finance their rebellion, alongside a rise in violence against civilians. In the first half of 2024, the northwest region ranked as the second most dangerous administrative area for civilians in Africa, behind only Al-Jazirah state in central Sudan, according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project.

In addition to their fear of the separatists, many residents fear suspected reprisals from the military. Twice in the span of a week last month, Nfor said he woke up to gunshots on his street. Both times, he stepped outside to find the corpses of two residents sprawled on the road, roughly 500 meters from his home. 

His road, he said, has become a "dumping ground," where heavy rains can wash the corpses away. He believes those killed were victims of "regular enforcements of law and order." Human Rights Watch reported in 2024 that the military has been known to target local civilians outright.  

Before the crisis, he remembers a very different Bamenda -- a vibrant city of 630,000, where this kind of fear did not linger.

"You can imagine a river, just rumbling slowly going, and you are on a boat enjoying the ripples," Nfor said. "That was the kind of life that was here."

That life has completely disappeared.

Once one of the country’s most economically active cities, Bamenda has been hollowed out by years of conflict. Business owners have fled after repeated looting and abductions. Farmers struggle to work their land for fear of abduction and killings. Roads are dangerous as separatists have strongholds along major routes, and goods rarely move freely.

Food prices have soared, and access to medical care is limited as the region has become increasingly cut off.

"No one stays out after 7 p.m.," Nfor said. "If you are still hanging out and you don’t have transport… it becomes impossible."

Even short journeys have become ordeals. Trips that once took a few hours can now take up to half a day, as drivers avoid conflict zones.

For Joseph Kitu, the violence has made returning to his home village impossible.

"For the past ten years, our lives have been miserable," he told CNS while waiting for the pope to arrive at the community meeting. "We have lost relatives. They burned homes, looted our properties. I'm an orphan. My parents have all died because of this."

As soon as Pope Leo arrived in war-torn Cameroon April 15, he did not shy away from bringing a message of peace that directly confronted the suffering the people face every day.

In clear, direct language, the pope spent his time in Cameroon denouncing violence, corruption and exploitation, while calling for reconciliation and credible leadership. He has repeatedly framed peace not as an abstract ideal, but as a responsibility shared by political leaders, communities and individuals alike. 

When addressing the diplomatic corps in his first stop to Cameroon, he urged leaders to move beyond paralysis and fear.

"We are living at a time when hopelessness is rampant and a sense of powerlessness tends to paralyze the renewal so deeply desired by peoples," he said in Yaoundé at the presidential palace April 15. "There is such a hunger and thirst for justice! A thirst for getting involved, for a vision, for courageous choices and for peace!"

The pope began his call for peace in the country during an address to the diplomatic corps and 93-year-old President Paul Biya, who has been in power since 1982 and whose long rule has drawn criticism from opposition figures and human rights groups.  Quoting his spiritual father, St. Augustine, the pope said the saint believed those who rule should do so to serve the people, and they should rule "not from a love of power, but from a sense of the duty they owe others." 

"From this perspective, serving one’s country means dedicating oneself, with a clear mind and an upright conscience, to the common good of all people in the nation," he said.

Throughout this leg of his apostolic journey, which covered hundreds of miles and three cities, Pope Leo condemned what he described as a global system that fuels conflict for gain. After residents described fear, loss and exhaustion during the April 16 meeting, the pope acknowledged both the violence within the country and the forces beyond it that have deepened the crisis.

"The masters of war pretend not to know that it takes only a moment to destroy, yet often a lifetime is not enough to rebuild," he said during the community meeting in Bamenda. "Those who rob your land of its resources generally invest much of the profit in weapons, thus perpetuating an endless cycle of destabilization and death."

"Added to these internal problems which are often fueled by hatred and violence, is the damage caused from outside, by those who, in the name of profit, continue to lay their hands on the African continent to exploit and plunder it," Pope Leo said later April 16 in a homily during Mass at the Bamenda International Airport to an estimated crowd of 20,000.

The depletion of a land rich in resources and marked by suffering was a theme the pope returned to repeatedly.

"It is a world turned upside down, an exploitation of God’s creation that must be denounced and rejected by every honest conscience," the pope said at the community meeting, describing the exploitation of both people and land. "The world is being ravaged by a handful of tyrants, yet it is held together by a multitude of supportive brothers and sisters!"

That is how he urged Cameroonians not to give in to resignation after years of violence -- by working together and serving one another no matter what.

"This is the moment to change, to transform the story of this country," Pope Leo said in his homily in Bamenda. "The time has come -- today and not tomorrow, now and not in the future."

His presence alone has already had an effect on the Anglophone region of Cameroon. After years of neglect, Bamenda’s airport was repaired ahead of the papal visit, and the main road into the city was completed, making travel easier for residents, some locals told Catholic News Service. 

Religious leaders in the region have begun pushing for dialogue between the government and separatist groups, describing the conflict as one of the world’s "forgotten crises." Reverend Fonki Samuel Forba of the Presbyterian Church said the Vatican has shown willingness to support mediation efforts.

At a community meeting, Archbishop Andrew Nkea Fuanya of Bamenda told the pope that his visit came at a critical moment, saying that the soil of Bamenda has "drunk the blood of many of our children." 

"Bamenda will never forget that you visited them and prayed for them, and more especially, you visited them when they needed you most," Archbishop Fuanya said following the pope’s homily at Mass at the airport. 

For many residents, however, the path to peace is complicated by the realities on the ground. Years of instability have created incentives for young fighters to remain in armed groups.

"How would you watch somebody who made $5 or $2 a week and then suddenly he is earning $200 a day?" Nfor said. "How do you want him to leave his gun?"

The pope addressed that reality directly, especially in his appeal to young people -- the very group most vulnerable to recruitment into armed groups.

"Dear young people … Be the first faces and hands that bring the bread of life to your neighbors, providing them with the food of wisdom and deliverance from all that does not nourish them, but rather obscures good desires and robs them of their dignity," he said during a Mass April 17 outside the Japona Stadium in Douala to a crowd of more than 120,000. "Do not let yourselves be corrupted by temptations that waste your energies and do not serve the progress of society."

Pope Leo urged them to see their future not in violence or quick profit, but in rebuilding their communities.

"Do not forget that your people are even richer than this land, for your treasure lies in your values: faith, family, hospitality and work," he said at the outdoor Mass. He called on them especially to "proclaim the Gospel unceasingly."

In a speech at the Catholic University of Central Africa in Duoala, Pope Leo continued this concept, saying that in order for change to occur, students need to lean into moral discernment. 

"No society, in fact, can flourish unless it is grounded in upright consciences, formed in the truth," he said to professors and students April 17. "Do not look the other way: this is a service to the truth and to all humanity." 

Many told CNS the pope’s visit has rekindled hope.

Jeneth Moki said she has lived through years of what she called "sad patience," watching friends and family members die while fearing for her own safety.

"If I go [to my village], I will not come back," Moki said ahead of the April 16 community meeting. "They’re going to abduct me."

The pope himself seemed to recognize both the pain and resilience of the people before him.

"How beautiful are your feet as well, dusty from this bloodstained yet fertile land that has been mistreated yet is rich in vegetation and fruit," he said during the community meeting. "Your feet have brought you this far, and despite the difficulties and obstacles, they have remained on the path of goodness."

Addressing those who have endured years of suffering, Pope Leo said: "Bamenda, today you are the city on the hill, resplendent in the eyes of all! Sisters and brothers, be the salt that continuously gives flavor to this land. Do not lose your flavor, even in the years to come!"

The people at that meeting echoed that optimism. Regina Anchang said some people traveled for hours, days in advance, just to be present for the visit. Out of the entire world, she said, their community feels seen.

"We need nothing more than peace," she said.

Again and again, the pope framed peace not simply as the absence of violence, but as something built through concrete acts of solidarity.

"There is bread for everyone if it is taken, not with a hand that snatches away, but with a hand that gives," Pope Leo said during his homily in Douala, urging both leaders and the community to reject exploitation and choose mutual responsibility.

Each act of solidarity, he said, becomes "a morsel of bread for humanity in need of care," but there also needs to be more.

"This alone is not enough: the food that sustains the body must be accompanied, with equal charity, by nourishment for the soul -- a nourishment that sustains our conscience and steadies us in dark hours of fear and amid the shadows of suffering," the pope said in Douala. 

But translating that call for peace into reality for a country shaped by years of violence and distrust remains a challenge.

Vice president of Cameroon's national bishops’ conference, Bishop Philippe Alain Mbarga of Ebolowa, cautioned that the pope’s visit is not a "magic wand," and that the "walls of tribalism, the walls of hate," must be torn down.

"The people are calling on us to be responsible, to recognize that the destiny of humanity, of the country, is entrusted to us," he said in an interview with Catholic News Service. "They have called on political leaders, religious leaders and civil society to be responsible. Therefore, it is up to each of us to be aware of what is at stake."

Archbishop Fuanya told Pope Leo that the people "shall not waste the chance that your presence offers us to continue to work for peace and justice and reconciliation."

For now, residents return to their routines -- navigating danger and weighing hope against experience. In Bamenda, the voices in the bushes have not disappeared.

But amid the fear, another voice, the successor of Peter, has broken through -- one insisting that even here, in a place marked by violence, peace can still be chosen.